Eye complaints, particularly vision complaints, can seem daunting to a provider in an urgent care or emergency department setting. The eye is a complex structure. The anatomy and the neurology behind vision is intricate. Often, you may be practicing in an environment without the ability to consult an ophthalmologist. An understanding of urgent and emergent eye and visual problems is crucial. This post will deal with painless vision loss.
Medical Training
Decoding MIPS in Emergency Medicine – Radiology Edition
In our last edition, we discussed some ways of altering practice models or properly documenting patient care so that we stay within the current MIPS guidelines while continuing to provide the highest quality care. In this edition, we will discuss some of the MIPS guidelines as they pertain to Radiographic studies that are commonly ordered in ER/Urgent Care settings. As always, appropriate documentation as to why, or why not, a test was ordered is crucial not only for MIPS, but from a legal standpoint as well. So, let’s get into it!
[Read more…] about Decoding MIPS in Emergency Medicine – Radiology EditionGraduated, passed boards, got a job… now what?
“Don’t Hurt Anyone”
My first job as a nurse practitioner was ideal. I knew all the physicians. I knew all the nurses. I knew all the administrators. Yet, I was scared beyond belief. First and for most I did not want to hurt my patients. Second, I wanted the staff that I worked with to accept me as a competent nurse practitioner. I remember clearly two conversations from those first few days; “John, don’t hurt anyone” and two, “John, one of the most important things is know what you don’t know”.
[Read more…] about Graduated, passed boards, got a job… now what?
MEASLES: Coming soon to a practice setting near you (Are you ready?)
In case you have been in a news and media blackout recently, Measles is back. I have seen headlines such as “Measles cases rocket toward record level”, “555 Measles cases spread to 20 states,” and “Measles outbreak hits ‘completely avoidable’ 25-year high”…despite being declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. If you are still in current practice, odds are that none of us have seen measles in front of us or thought that we had pretty much eliminated it. Personally, I have only seen one case a few years back and it was in an un-immunized child of a migrant farm worker. To be honest, it could have been very easily overlooked as just another “viral illness” or “viral exanthem”. Sometimes, it pays to be lucky rather than good. The purpose of this blog is to help prepare you in case this walks into your practice setting…making you both lucky and good.
[Read more…] about MEASLES: Coming soon to a practice setting near you (Are you ready?)Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Values, Pre/Post-test Probability, and Likelihood Ratios explained
The purpose of this post is to explain the concept of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios.
Screening Tests
Screening tests (surveillance tests) are tools use to assess the likelihood that a patient may have a certain disease. They are not definitive, but if positive, will heighten suspicion that would warrant use of a gold standard diagnostic test to rule in or rule out a certain diagnosis. The goal of screening tests is to reduce the morbidity and mortality in a population group (Maxim, Niebo, & Utell, 2014). Examples of screening tests include routine EKGs, PSA, PAP smears, and mammograms. For example, a male with an elevated PSA may have prostate cancer, BPH, or prostatitis. Positive results of screening tests need to be compared to the established gold standard test that is regarded as definitive. In this case, a prostate biopsy is considered a definitive test, as it will reveal the etiology of the elevated PSA. Screening tests are less invasive and less costly, whereas the gold standard test may be more invasive, expensive, or too late (discovered during an autopsy). Ideally, gold standard tests, such as coronary angiography, breast biopsy, or colposcopy should have 100% sensitivity and specificity. However, in reality, this may not be the case, as it may be the best test given the clinical picture at the time (Maxim, Niebo, & Utell, 2014).
[Read more…] about Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Values, Pre/Post-test Probability, and Likelihood Ratios explainedEuglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Study
DKA and SGLT-2 inhibitors
One of the greatest aspects of medicine that I enjoy is a continual process of learning. We must continue to grow in our profession, seeking knowledge and experience as much as possible. One such incident occurred recently while on shift… and talk about being a little late to the party! In 2015, the US food and drug administration issued a drug safety communication that warned of an increased risk of DKA with uncharacteristically mild to moderate to glucose elevations (euglycemic DKA). This warning was based on diabetic medications involving SGLT-2 inhibitors. In fact this was based on 20 clinical cases requiring hospitalization captured between March 2013 and June 2014 in the FDA adverse event reporting system database. SGLT-2 inhibitors first came into market in 2013. What are SGLT-2 inhibitor medications?